Part 2 - Underlining hedging language in an article

1. More examples of hedging language

Please read an article and write out the examples of hedging (4 types) in the next section (after clicking "Next" button:

„The recent observation that splicing is often completed as soon as the intron emerges from Pol II4, 5 invites us to consider mechanisms that can affect co-transcriptional splicing efficiency. In this Review, we discuss the minimal distances along the pre-mRNA that are required for each spliceosome assembly stage, and how transcription elongation dynamics and RNA folding may influence the identification of the introns and splicing catalysis. We evaluate how other co-transcriptional events — 5′ end capping, RNA modifications and 3′ end processing — assist in intron and exon identification. Although the spliceosome and splicing catalysis are highly conserved, higher eukaryotes have degenerate splice sites and a larger, more complex pool of splicing factors. This enables variable splicing outcomes, including frequent alternative splicing. We illustrate how the core transcription and processing machineries can be modulated to obtain different splicing outcomes. Importantly, splicing stimulates other processes — most notably, transcription itself6–13 — suggesting that the spliceosome has other direct or indirect activities beyond intron removal. We propose that the intricate coordination between DNA, RNA sequence and structure, and the transcription and processing machineries ensures highly efficient and regulated co-transcriptional mRNA processing, and that this coordination may be achieved partly by concentrating all of the involved components in subnuclear membrane-less compartments.“

Source: Herzel, L., Ottoz, D., Alpert, T., & Neugebauer, K. M. (2017). Splicing and transcription touch base: co-transcriptional spliceosome assembly and function. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 18(10), 637–650. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2017.63 on Oct 25, 2021