1. Basic properties and characteristics of Li-ion batteries

1.2. Lithium and alkali metals

  • Lithium belongs to the group of alkali metals.
  • Alkali metals are soft, silvery-white substances with a low melting point and low density.
  • Li is the lightest metal, lighter than water, softer than talc.
  • Metal from a chemical point of view - an element that easily removes electrons and forms positively charged ions.
                    Li → Li+

    • Alkali metals have only one electron in the valence sphere.
    • They are extremely reactive => in nature only as compound.
    • Na and K are among the most common elements, but Li is very rare.
    • Lithium burns in air (stored in kerosene):

                      4 Li + O2 → 2 Li2O

      • Alkali metals react with compounds containing positively charged hydrogen H + (especially acids).
      • Stormy reaction, release of heat and hydrogen H → explosiveness!
       





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