2. APA and IEEE

Below is the APA citation format you have been using in
EAP5 course. We will now compare it to IEEE in terms of how to reference material in the text body and in the literature sources.

1. In-text references:
According to the National Climate Assessment, human influences are the number one cause of global warming, especially the carbon pollution we cause by burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests (Littlewood, 2016). The carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we release into the atmosphere act like a blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm. Evidence shows that 2000 to 2009 was hotter than any other decade in at least the past 1,300 years (Ester, 2012). According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in 2015 there were 10 weather and climate disaster events in the United States that caused at least $1 billion in losses (Smith, 2018). For context, each year from 1980 to 2015 averaged $5.2 billion in disasters (Littlewood, 2016). If you zero in on the years between 2011 and 2015, you see an annual average cost of $10.8 billion (Smith, 2018).

 Now we will use IEEE citations for the same text:

According to the National Climate Assessment, human influences are the number one cause of global warming, especially the carbon pollution we cause by burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests [1]. The carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we release into the atmosphere act like a blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm. Evidence shows that 2000 to 2009 was hotter than any other decade in at least the past 1,300 years [2]. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in 2015 there were 10 weather and climate disaster events in the United States that caused at least $1 billion in losses [3]. For context, each year from 1980 to 2015 averaged $5.2 billion in disasters [1]. If you zero in on the years between 2011 and 2015, you see an annual average cost of $10.8 billion [3].

2. APA bibliography: ordered alphabetically

Ester, P. (2012, June 9). Global warming: The causes. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news

Littlewood, C.T. (2016, October 12). Who’s concerned about desertification? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Smith, G. (2018). The cost of global warming. Time Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.time.com

IEEE bibliography: numbered / ordered according to appearance in paper

[1] C.T. Littlewood, “Who’s concerned about desertification?” The New York Times, Oct. 2016.  Accessed on: Oct. 1, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com

[2] P. Ester, “Global warming: the causes,” BBC News, Jan. 2012. Accessed on: Sep. 19, 2018. [Online]. Available: www.bbc.co.uk/news

[3] G. Smith, “The cost of global warming,” Times Magazine, Feb. 2018. Accessed on: Aug. 8, 2018. [Online]. Available: www.times.com