3. Structure of causes of specific learning disabilities

3.1. Current etiological model of partial function deficits as a basis for diagnosis and intervention

Müller's model of multidimensional etiological theory of learning disorders - holistic system model

  • Level 1: indirect causes
  • Level 2: direct causes

deficits of partial functions (Teilleistungsschwächen)

Johannes Greichen 1960s

"Reduction of the performance of individual factors or their parts in the middle of a larger functional system, which is needed to handle a certain complex task of adaptation" (Pokorná, 2001, p. 95)

  • Level 3. own disorders

Learning Disabilities (Dyslexia)

Function deficits:

• phonological - phonemic awareness, attention, rhyming, cocktail party syndrome, reverse camouflage

• visual - lower sensitivity to contrast, iconic persistence

• speech - syntax, semantics

• automation - eye movements, social norms

• memory - working memory failure

• temporal cognitive - dyschronia

• psychosocial influences:

family

• prenatal

• perinatal

• postnatal

• (acquired phonological dyslexia, akcalulia)

aspects:

• neuroanatomy (symmetrical planum temporale, different architecture of large cell layers of the visual part of the thalamus, corpus callosum)

• neurogenesis (abnormalities of cell migration in the embryonic stage, abnormal development of the activity of the temporal and parietal lobes)

• neurophysiology (different activation of the cerebellum)

• linguistic and cultural influences

DAMAGE

HEREDITY

Chromosomes 6 and 15 (relationship between falsehood, immunological diseases, sex hormones and SLD)

             Exogenous factors                                                                              Endogenous factors