13. Dysmusia, dyspinxia, dyspraxia

Dysmusia - a specific developmental disorder of musical abilities

  • disorders of perception of music as a whole or recognition of tones, difficulties with rhythm, memorization of melody, problems with notation (music dyslexia)
  • etiology: deficits in the field of auditory differentiation, rhythm, auditory memory

Dysmusia division:

    • expressive - inability to recognize and reproduce a melody
    • total - the absolute absence of musical hearing and a feeling for music

Manifestations: not too socially restrictive

    • hearing impairment
    • non-recognition of musical motifs
    • inability to reproduce rhythm
    • impaired ability to sing
    • impairment of the ability to play a musical instrument

Diagnostics:

    • Trough test of rhythm
    • pitch and bass recognition
    • imitation melody

Intervention:

    • listening practice
    • tone length recognition eg by buzzer, clapping
    • melody recognition and memorization
    • use of elements of music therapy
    • combining tones and rhythm with graphic recording

 Dyspinxia - a specific developmental disorder of artistic ability, difficulty  in drawind and painting

etiology: deficits in the field of fine motor skills, visual perception, PLO, orientation in the area, frequent connection with ADHD

Dividing dyspinxia:

    • motor
    • visual
    • integrative

Phenomena:

    • disproportionate drawing
    • the drawing does not correspond to age
    • shaky line, dragging
    • difficulties with dividing the paper surface

Diagnostics:

    • Drawing test
    • visual perception tests (Edfeldt's test, M. Frostig's developmental test of visual perception)
    • motor tests (Ozeretzky test)
    • Intervention: focused on causal deficits, mainly visual and motor

Dyspraxia - a specific developmental disorder of motor skills

    • in ICD-10 F82 Specific developmental disorder of motor function, approx. 6% of the population
    • comorbid disorders (in 40%): ADHD, Asperger's syndrome, other dysporodes, speech defects
    • etiology: deficits in fine and gross motor skills

Phenomena:

    • difficulties in coordinating movements
    • muscle tension disorder
    • muscle stiffness

Diagnostics:

    • observation - gross, fine motor skills, speech, self-care, social behavior are monitored
    •  neurological examination
    • speech therapy examination
    • ophthalmological examination (detection of oculomotor dyspraxia)

Intervention: focused on causal deficits - gross motor skills, fine motor skills, right-left orientation, orientation in area and space

Keywords:

expressive and total dysmusia, motor, visual and integrative dyspinxia, ​​dyspraxia