Geomorphologic evolution and landforms

The periglacial and cryogenic landscape and features developed outside the glaciated areas during the cold periods of the Pleistocene. Many of these features are preserved in fossil or relict form up to now. Relict (still active, but not newly emerging) sorted polygons can be found e.g. in the Krkonoše Mts.

The solid rocks were then affected by the frost weathering which created cryogenic landforms such as blockfields, tors, frost-riven cliffs or cryoplanation terraces.