THE DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES OF MORALITY
The developmental phases of morality
according to Peck
- amoral phase (up to 2 years)
- purpose phase (2-6 years)
- conformity phase (6-15 years)
- irrationally conscious phase (adolescence)
- phase rationally altruistic (adult)
Amoral phase
Little children have no morals. They do not distinguish good and bad.
Purpose phase
At this age, children behave properly to get a reward or avoid a punishment.
Conformity phase
Right and moral is what everyone does. E.g.: It may be permissible to humiliate classmate, because the whole class it does it.
Irrationally conscious phase
In adolescence, one has a self-created moral system. However, he is too uncompromising to implement it. Example: Mother promises to her son, that she will buy a new cell phone with him this afternoon. But .... There will be unexpected situations in the work and the boss of the mother orders her to work until the evening. The Son is very angry with her because the promises are to be observed. He does not want to understand that Mum wanted to fulfill the promise, but she could not. He is uncompromising.
Phase rationally altruistic
At this stage, one follows his own moral system. But he is able to rationally assess that sometimes it does not apply.
The developmental phase of morality
according to Piaget
Piaget divides only two phases of moral development:
- heteronomous moral obligation - in childhood
- autonomous moral obligation - in adulthood
Heteronomic moral duty is based on external stimuli. Example: A third-grade pupil decides not to fight with his classmate, because the teacher would have caught him and he could have a problem .... Not because it does not do.
An autonomous moral duty is based on internal moral principles.
Moral realism
According to Piaget, this is related to the development of thinking. Piaget uses the term "moral realism". This means that the child does not evaluate the morality of actions according to motivation, but according to the consequences (according to what is visible). Example: Philip and Ane are siblings. Filip is 5 years old, Ane 6. Ane wants to please her mother and puts dishes in the dishwasher. But she is clumsy and breaks a plate. Filip complains about Ane and he does not understand that the mother is not angry at Ane. Mom knows that Ane is a good girl that she wanted to please. Mother evaluates Ane's motivation. Filip but sees that it went wrong (broken plate). Filip evaluate the consequences - Moral realism.